What to Do When You've Made Someone Angry
by Peter Bregman
from Harvard Business Review Blog
I was running late. My wife Eleanor and I had
agreed to meet at the restaurant at seven o'clock and it was already half past.
I had a good excuse in the form of a client meeting that ran over and I wasted
no time getting to the dinner as fast as possible.
When I arrived at the restaurant, I apologized and
told her I didn't mean to be late.
She answered: "You never mean to be
late." Uh oh, she was mad.
"Sorry," I retorted, "but it was
unavoidable." I told her about the client meeting. Not only did my explanations
not soothe her, they seemed to make things worse. That started to make me
angry.
That dinner didn't turn out to be our best.
Several weeks later, when I was describing the
situation to a friend of mine, Ken Hardy, a professor of family therapy, he
smiled.
"You made a classic mistake," he told me.
"Me? I made the mistake?" I was
only half joking.
"Yes. And you just made it again," he
said. "You're stuck in your perspective: You didn't mean to be late.
But that's not the point. The point is that you were late. The point —
and what's important in your communication — is how your lateness impacted
Eleanor."
In other words, I was focused on my intention
while Eleanor was focused on the consequences. We were having two
different conversations. In the end, we both felt unacknowledged,
misunderstood, and angry.
The more I thought about what Ken said, the more I
recognized that this battle — intention vs. consequences — was the root cause
of so much interpersonal discord.
As it turns out, it's not the thought that counts
or even the action that counts. That's because the other person doesn't
experience your thought or your action. They experience the consequences of
your action.
Here's another example: You send an email to a
colleague telling him you think he could have spoken up more in a meeting.
He replies to the email, "Maybe if you spoke
less, I would have had an opportunity to say something!"
That obviously rankles you. Still, you send off
another email trying to clarify the first email: "I didn't mean to offend
you, I was trying to help." And then maybe you add some dismay at the
aggressiveness of his response.
But that doesn't make things better. He quotes the
language of your first email back to you. "Don't you see how it
reads?" He asks. "BUT THAT'S NOT WHAT I MEANT!" You write back,
IN CAPS.
So how do you get out of this downward spiral?
It's stunningly simple, actually. When you've done
something that upsets someone — no matter who's right — always start the
conversation by acknowledging how your actions impacted the other person. Save
the discussion about your intentions for later. Much later. Maybe never.
Because, in the end, your intentions don't matter much.
What if you don't think the other person is right —
or justified — in feeling the way they do? It doesn't matter. Because you're
not striving for agreement. You're going for understanding.
What should I have said to Eleanor?
"I see you're angry. You've been sitting here
for 30 minutes and that's got to be frustrating. And it's not the first time.
Also, I can see how it seems like I think being with a client gives me
permission to be late. I'm sorry you had to sit here waiting for so long."
All of that is true. Your job is to acknowledge
their reality — which is critical to maintaining the relationship. As Ken
described it to me: "If someone's reality, as they see it, is negated,
what motivation do they have to stay in the relationship?"
In the email back and forth I described earlier,
instead of clarifying what you meant, consider writing something like: "I
could see how my criticizing your performance — especially via email — feels
obnoxious to you. How it sounds critical and maybe dismissive of your efforts
in the meeting."
I said this was simple but I didn't say it was
easy.
The hardest part is our emotional resistance. We're
so focused on our own challenges that it's often hard to acknowledge the
challenges of others. Especially if we are their challenge and they
are ours. Especially when they lash out at us in anger. Especially when we feel
misunderstood. In that moment, when we empathize with them and their criticism
of our behavior, it almost feels like we're betraying ourselves.
But we're not. We're just empathizing.
Here's a trick to make it easier. While they're
getting angry at you, imagine, instead, that they're angry at someone else.
Then react as you would in that situation. Probably you'd listen and let them
know you see how angry they are.
And if you never get to explain your intentions?
What I have found in practice — and this surprised me — is that once I've
expressed my understanding of the consequences, my need to justify my
intentions dissipates.
That's because the reason I'm explaining my
intentions in the first place is to repair the relationship. But I've already
accomplished that by empathizing with their experience. At that point, we're
both usually ready to move on.
And if you do still feel the need? You'll still
have the opportunity, once the other person feels seen, heard, and understood.
If we succeed in doing all this well, we'll often
find that, along with our relationships, something else gets better: our
behavior.
After that last conversation with Eleanor — after
really understanding the consequences of my lateness on her — somehow, someway,
I've managed to be on time a lot more frequently.
